Quiz on Human Pathophysiology

This task is worth 40 focuses. It would be ideal if you ensure you have addressed all inquiries before submitting. When you click the submit button, you won't have the option to return. Question 1 of A 9-year-old patient Is admitted to a pediatric unit with Dutchmen solid dystrophy. Which of the accompanying attributes was this condition Inherited from? Sex-connected prevailing Excellences Sex-constrained Sex-connected passive 2 of 40 A 70-year-old male with interminable renal disappointment presents with edema. Which of coming up next is the most probable reason for this condition? Expanded narrow nonionic pressureDecreased interstitial nonionic weight Increased hairlike hydrostatic weight Increased interstitial hydrostatic weight 3 of 40 Which of the accompanying can make swollen feet create? Expanded ATOP Chloride development out of the cell An+ development into the cell Decreased nonionic weight 4 Of 40 What Is the job of cytokines In cell propagation? Give development factor to tissue development and improvement Block progress of cell generation through the phone cycle Restrain cell development and advancement Provide supplements for cell development and improvement Sodium and water amassing in a harmed cell are an immediate aftereffect of which of the allowing?Decreased ATOP creation Sororities Ribosome separation Dehydration 6 of 40 A phone that doesn't contain a various of 23 chromosomes is known as a diploid transfer spontaneous haploid 7 of 40 cell. Which of the accompanying atoms is probably going to gather in dead or passing on tissues? Calcium Protein Uric corrosive Melanin 8 of 40 A condition in which a solitary chromosome is absent in every phone is known as a haploid condition. An automobiles. A storms. Down Syndrome. 9 of 40 A youngster is brought into the world with blue eyes (b). The kid's mom has blue eyes, and the dad has earthy colored eyes. Which of the accompanying speaks to the father?Bibb Ebb 10 of 40 RNA coordinates the blend of prote in through which process? Interpretation Translation 11 of 40 Which of the accompanying issues brings about expanded fine hydrostatic weight and the arrangement of edema? Renal disappointment Hemorrhaging Liver disappointment All of the over 12 of 40 The Eukaryotic cell comprises of which of the accompanying three parts? The plasma layer, the cytoplasm, and intracellular organelles The plasma film, the extracurricular film, and lagan's Cell Junctions, the extracurricular layers, and proteins Water, proteins, and receptors 13 of 40The procedure by which cells program themselves to bite the dust is called corollary's. Good faith. Assessments. Corruption. 31 of 40 Steven has Dutchmen solid dystrophy. He acquired this condition from his mom as it were. Father as it were. Mother and father. Mother or father. The outward indication of an infection, which is frequently affected by the two qualities and condition, is known as the malady genotype. Allele. Phenotype. Predominance. 33 of 40 An expansion in hostile hormone (DAD) discharge will bring about which of the accompanying changes? Expanded serum sodium fixations Decreased serum sodium focuses Increased serum potassium concentrationsDecreased serum potassium focuses 34 of 40 Which period of catabolic produces the most ATOP? Assimilation Glycoside Oxidation Citric corrosive cycle 35 of 40 Mutations can bring about unusual DNA. RNA. Proteins. DNA, RNA, and proteins. 36 of 40 Mutations that don't change the amino corrosive grouping and in this way have no result are named transformations. Frameset unconstrained quiet misses 37 of 40 CT filter uncovers that the patient is experiencing cerebral edema. This sort of edema is alluded to as restricted edema. Summed up edema. Pitting edema. Lymphoma. 38 of 40 Which of coming up next isn't an acknowledged hypothesis of aging?Cellular maturing results from mileage through an amazing span. The degeneration of extracurricular materials, for example, collagen adds to maturing. T he procedure of translation during protein amalgamation turns out to be more blunder inclined as a phone ages. The hereditary components of maturing are customized into a phone's DNA. Question 39 of 40 Cellular decay includes an expansion in cell size. A diminishing in cell size. An expansion in the quantity of cells. A lessening in the quantity of cells. 40 of 40 Which of the accompanying electrolytes is found in the most elevated focuses in the intracellular liquid (ICE)? Sodium Magnesium Potassium

Education and Learning in Clinical Contexts PG

Question: Portray about the Education and Learning in Clinical Contexts PG. Answer: Presentation: As talked about by Glisson et al. (2016), the term clinical instruction alludes to the preparation gave to the experts which includes aptitudes and reasonable arranged guidance under the direction and management of specialists or gifted professionals. Compelling preparing is given to set up the clinical teachers so that thusly they can bolster the association they are utilized in and furthermore gave so as to regulate the pre-administration field encounters of the understudies. As indicated by Eberhart et al. (2015), the disturbing mortality and dismalness in the social insurance framework now and again worries about the expert competency of the medicinal services experts. Consequently, such complex issues identified with general wellbeing must be tackled through appropriate instruction so the experts become fit for giving safe patient consideration. The fundamental target of such clinical instruction program is to help in the development of educational plans, recruiting of qualified and gifted personnel and pick the learning encounters for the understudy who are a piece of this program. Emotional wellness is a difficult division which manages mental parts of the human conduct and the different issue identified with human brain research. Human cerebrum is a mind boggling substance which requires part of exertion to comprehend Meek et al. (2016). Therefore, appropriate clinical preparing or instruction dependent on this field is significant. Wellbeing experts should be gifted and compelling while at the same time treating mental patients while the overall population ought to likewise know about the mental parts of people and its outcomes. This report will feature the pith of a psychological wellness instructive program that is explicit for the nursing experts and will likewise exhibit the different speculations identified with the clinical training while at the same time building up the clinical instruction program (Lorig et al., 2014). Necessities: As expressed by Glisson et al. (2016), each individual encounters huge worries in their lives because of training, relationship, work pressure, organic changes and cultural aggravations. Confirmations mirror the way that few people show conduct and scholastic challenges and can't adapt up to the pressure that they experience. For instance, very nearly one out each five youngsters and teenagers face passionate and conduct issue sooner or later in their young age, paying little heed to their area, age and financial foundation. Such circumstance can be a huge reason for ceaseless state of mind. This ought to be appropriately tended to by the social insurance experts with the goal that the clinical treatment can be successful instead of crumbling of the mental condition because of ineptitude in the clinical field. As examined by Meek et al. (2016), a model structure for an extensive methodology towards psychological wellness avoidance, advancement and treatment is required bolstered by p roof based investigation. In this way, clinical instruction produced for the nursing experts in the field of emotional wellness can be a fruitful method of adequately treating the patients with mental clutters (Beronio et al., 2014). The primary reason for this emotional well-being program is to reinforce the field of clinical field and abilities of the nursing understudies. As indicated by Zainal et al. (2013), emotional well-being is the fundamental driver of long haul work lack of ability just as the explanation behind infection nonattendance. Studies uncover the way that the effects efficiency, representative confidence and authoritative assistance and quality (Beronio et al., 2014). Consequently, this instructive program would concentrate on comprehension of the different sorts, reasons and results of emotional wellness not exclusively to treat the patient yet additionally to comprehend the state of mind among representatives. As expressed by Slade et al. (2014), the student bunch who are focused for this program would be the nursing experts. The purpose behind choosing them as the students is that medical attendants experience a great deal of weight during their working hours. Their own issues consolidate w ith the wellbeing difficulties of the patients. This may cause mental unsettling influences, for example, consume outs or may likewise influence the clinical treatment gave to the patients. Accordingly, an instructive program dependent on psychological well-being may give them the information and comprehension of adapting to outrageous circumstances. The fundamental focal point of this program will be as per the following: Hierarchical versatility Prosperity in the work territory Individual strength Offering help Association administration improvement (Lamont Brunero, 2013). The program would be a situation focused program which will endeavor to improve the capacity of the instructor, medical attendants and furthermore other care staff so they can manage explicit zones, for example, enthusiastic and conduct pressure which they experience in consistently. The program would include the nursing experts and it will be overseen and facilitated by the supervisory crew of the social insurance segment for the mindfulness introduction. The accomplices would include clinicians, mental and other social organization delegates. The controlling guidelines developed for this program would include two separate measures. The program standard would include: In a clinical program, an away from of guidelines and objectives for the understudies ought to be accustomed to realize change. An educational plan structure ought to be utilized as a guide for the choice and advancement of units of the psychological wellness study. Educating ought to be steady and in understanding to the educational program structure. The appraisal guidelines ought to be lined up with the program goals and understudy desires. Emotionally supportive networks ought to be officially or casually lined up with the instructors and understudies desire. Obligations ought to be plainly characterized (Wheeler et al., 2013). For this program the instructor required would be explicit for the nursing experts. Medical caretaker instructors are authorized enlisted attendants. As indicated by Beronio et al. (2014), the instructors would be answerable for creating and mental organizing educational programs which address the issue of the interest of the psychological wellness program. The instructors should assume a significant job in the oversight of the nursing understudies. The teacher ought to be associated with clinical instructing as per the educational plan structured. They should utilize viable instruments and style of educating so as to instill the great propensities and traits in the understudies and furthermore survey and assess their learning results effectively (Elliott et al., 2012). Techniques for program conveyance: The program would be conveyed through four fundamental advances. The initial step would include course of action of assets which includes HR just as instruments and different assets to finish the program. Besides, the learning procedure would comprise of the successful learning style and techniques. Thirdly, appraisal and assessment of the understudies would be done as a continuation of the learning procedure. In conclusion, follow-up including the de-instructions would be done so as to urge the understudies to fuse the training in their learning (Beronio et al., 2014). The initial step would include the course of action of the assets. As expressed by Kieckhefer et al. (2014), the human services sort out would initially get ready for the program including a chose gathering of individuals. This gathering would be liable for different capacities identified with the program beginning from game plan of neighborhood and common offices to partake and give assistance in the program. The different lifeless assets including the devices and contraption required for the learning procedure would be arranged and organized. The entire program would be structured and separated into explicit time length (Caplan, 2013). The second step of the program conveyance would be the most noteworthy piece of the program managing training conveyance to the nursing understudy by the instructors. As expressed by Pietrzak et al., (2015), the learning style would include two distinct styles. The first is the visual learning style and the subsequent style is alluded to as sensation style. The entire learning procedure would be partitioned into four days instruction program. In the initial two days visual introduction would be furnished by the teacher alongside the clarification and showing of psychological wellness issues. The introduction would include disgrace and effect of emotional wellness in the lives of the individuals; give a review of psychological wellness and its outcomes in the life of the wellbeing experts and how to adapt up to the circumstances. As examined by Rogers Pilgrim (2014), the entire gaining process for the initial two days would be led inside the preparation room s of the clinical settings . As per Kieckhefer et al. (2014), the learning procedure would likewise include intuitive meetings between the teachers and the understudies. The following two days of the training project would comprise of the sensation style of realizing where the hypothetical information would get a shape through down to earth applications. The understudies during these two days would get the chance to actualize their proof based information into the commonsense field. As indicated by Meek et al. (2016), the nursing understudies would gain admittance to the patient straightforwardly and they can join their patient focused mind and understand the state of mind of the different patients and their own mental condition managing the patient. In addition, the reasonable learning would assist them with learning the method of adapting to different circumstances (World Health Organization, 2016). The third step, includes the appraisal and assessment of the understudies where the teachers would have the option to comprehend the degree of information and ability accumulated by the students. As examined by Noritomi et al. (2014), appraisal not just gives a thought of the learning status of the understudy yet in addition opens a chance to amend the mix-ups of the understudy. In this program the evaluation

Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Educational plan - Essay Example He depicted educational plan in a scope of approaches. One of them is connected to prospectus or an assemblage of information to be transmitted to the understudies. Smith additionally focused on that educational plan is a lot of targets, where there is an attracted up plan to apply expected goals with a quantifiable result. Another elective definition is that educational program is a student’s complete encounter. It includes teachers’ and students’ correspondence and connections between them. Smith additionally prescribes that educational plan is one’s capacity to apply hypothesis to rehearse. Language Arts is one fundamental branch of knowledge that sharpens relational abilities of understudies. Being educated in writing, language and composing is one significant objective for them that will enormously profit them in their development and advancement. This paper will look at seventh Grade Language Arts educational plan aides of three schools in New Jersey, specifically the Hillside, Union and Orange Public Schools. The correlation might be founded on the aides obtained from these schools and not from how their educational programs are executed. Of the three schools, Hillside Public School gave the most far reaching educational program control. Next was the Orange School which likewise gave an unmistakable diagram showing the objectives of the Language Arts program and how its evaluation systems. Association School gave the least extensive guide, with simply the utilization of signal words in counting its educational plan content and proposed exercises. One of the broadly embraced educational plan configuration is the ‘Understanding by Design’ Planning Framework (UbD) by Wiggins, Grant and McTighe (1998). This is otherwise called the Backward Design Model wherein the educator begins with the end, the ideal outcomes, and afterward gets the educational plan from the proof of learning called for by the desires and the instructing expected to prepare understudies to perform. The UbD includes the accompanying procedures: The Hillside School clearly embraced the Understanding by Design

The Smarter Balanced Essay Samples 8th Grade Cover Up

The Smarter Balanced Essay Samples 8th Grade Cover Up Other goals include the demonstration of wonderful research abilities and deep understanding of the subject. While attempting to know how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another important activity. Finally, they are asked to use what they know about area to find the area of shapes made up of multiple rectangles. Students and teachers can buy balanced lunch and drinks aside from alcohol, that allows them to feel nice and study far better. As you already see from the above mentioned persuasive essay samples, these kinds of papers can be quite different. Seeing as this is among the most common kinds of essays students are requested to write, you can be sure our expert writers will not have any trouble attending to your assignment! If you would like to learn how to compose a decent persuasive essay, you're looking in the proper spot! If you are searching for a sample persuasive essay then one of the very first places you will most likely look is the web. No matter your reasons for choosing to use this kind of essay, you must be aware that the results will probably be negative. The success of the entire essay directly depends upon how good you present the supporting facts. Which is exactly why we here offer you some persuasive essay samples that may assist you with your own. Weave in your perspective to create your essay unique. In this manner, you will be in a position to know for sure what your essay is all about before devising your thesis. Writing an essay is a critical role in academe life. Finding the Best Smarter Balanced Essay Samples 8th Grade While there is absolutely no one correct approach to compose these essays, this page will show you some fantastic practices to think about when learning how to compose a persuasive essay. No, the target of this blog post is to teach you just how to compose a persuasive essay outline. The more information you are able to gather about the subject, the better prepared you'll be for writing your essay. Simply take a look at the next persuasive essay. The aim of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers your viewpoint is the proper viewpoint. As any guide about how to compose a persuasive essay will inform you, your essay has to be organized in paragraphs with a logical progression from 1 paragraph to the next. Sample persuasive essays can also offer inspiration on topics to write on in addition to serve as examples about how to compose your essay. The simplest approach to compose a superior persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. It's important to define this kind of academic essay correctly to learn how to compose a persuasive essay. Your persuasive essay will have a lot of paragraphs. Before writing any form of academic paper, it is very important to choose the subject, and the persuasive essay really isn't the exception. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to select a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. Scoring the SBA Grades 6-8 ELA Assessment Most of the computer-tested things are scored by the computer, although there will be a minumum of one long-response question in every assessment that's graded by means of an individual. Therefore, the SBAC Summative Assessments are definitely the most crucial of the SBAC tests to get ready for. Making the completion of private finance coursework a requirement for graduation would make sure that young men and women are at least aware of the fundamentals of keeping up a financial stability. Although some say totally free public transportation would assist the environment and decrease traffic, others think no cost public transportation is too pricey, and the government can't afford to cover it. Students are requested to indicate how a specific sentence may be corrected or improved or the way the organization or development of a paragraph may be strengthened. The necessity to enforce laws that were introduced into action is vital in the event the authorities would like to have the gun control policies to have a result. The 5-Minute Rule for Smarter Balanced Essay Samples 8th Grade Let's take a quick glance at them. There are some people who believe that the more income that you have, the happier you are. In the event you had thought about using an illustration of a persuas ive essay, then one of the very first things to be alert to is the danger of being caught for plagiarism. The main reason is you will not be healthy enough to do the things you like doing but will be limited.

Organizational Performance Within The Global Realm

Organizational performance within the global realm has been studied and refined to meet the mission, vision, and the desired profitability. Over the past ten years, there have been great strides in determining both the positive and negative aspects of organizational diversity success. These strides have led the efforts in discovering how to influence and hold the workforce differences while advancing the organization. The search has led to the agreement that one overwhelming organizational behavior will successfully move the bottom line faster and in a positive global direction. Devoting the appropriate assets to diversity and diversity programs, the financial leaps will inevitably bring positive changes (Jayne Dipboye, 2004). These†¦show more content†¦Having an appropriately applied diversity program brings change to the multicultural societies where the workforce is selected. Being globally diverse in the workforce is the most ethical and appropriate behavioral asp ect an organization may initiate (Jayne Dipboye, 2004). Discussion The initiation of diversity programs within any organization will prove beneficial in many ways. Over half of the Fortune Five-Hundred companies have already implemented productive programs with lasting global effects. These companies have inclusive programs that have paved their way toward global prosperity. Other organizations may take advantage of the same success provide specific behaviors are followed. Behaviors that will increase profitability in diversity include: (1) diversity in executive and board representation; (2) two or more women and or minorities among its highest-paid executives; (3) companies use specific language about a desire for diversity; and (4) family-friendly benefits like flexible work, adoption assistance, and domestic partner benefits are the initial steps to a viable program. The first behavior the organization may take to initiate a diversity program includes the Executive and Board Representation. Diversity in Executive and Board Representation Diverse programs significantly increased the number of women who sat on corporate

Essay Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards

Kendra Hughes Professor Machann English 2327 March 24, 2010 Errata in the Hands of an Un-Angry God: A Comparison of Edwards and Franklin Oberg and Stout put it best in the introduction of their book Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of American Culture, â€Å"It is difficult, if not impossible to, think of two more widely studied colonial figures than Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards. As Franklin and Edwards have been studied individually over generations, so also have they been looked at together† (Oberg and Stout 3). Through their influential writing and critical evaluations of how to improve oneself, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin both encompass American themes that ultimately define them as†¦show more content†¦Edwards consistently leads his life adhering to the bible. â€Å"He believed like Winthrop, that his community needed to prepare and become ‘a city upon a hill’ † (Gilmore 2). In â€Å"Resolutions† Edwards’ self-reflection and goals can be seen. He constantly tries to improve himself and his congregation so that they can achieve God’s envisage of a new homeland in New England. Edwards’ primary commitment was to understand the Bible and to abide by it to live life to the fullest. Edwards aspired to better himself and set a precedent for his congregation and his Christian community. Franklin, like Edwards, also seeks these goals and achievements as and individual and for the American man. In Soundings: Some Early American Writers, Lewis Leary writes, â€Å"Franklin was the true American †¦he constantly redefines himself†¦none better represented the simple, noble men†¦who lived close to nature faithful to her laws uncontaminated by artificialities of court or town† (Leary 9,11). Franklin provides his audience with virtues to adhere to when trying to set goals to improve themselves. Franklin explains, â€Å"no one can change overnight and one must work on one vice until successively conquered, such as chastity, everyman can find self-improvement and further cont ribute to their community† (FranklinShow MoreRelatedSocial Reward And Its Effect On Society925 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause they are compelled by the pathos in it. This process creates a cycle of motivating people to do good only for social media likes. In The Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin, Franklin portrays how a crucial step to achieving moral perfection is through being humble, especially when acting in the face of a religion (70) . Although Franklin was a Humanist, this quotation portrays a central theme for Puritans- act humbly, and give all the glory to God, not oneself. 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Ecosystems And Human Well Being Sustainable-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ecosystems And Human Well Being Sustainable? Answer: Introduction The thesis statement for this essay will be- the action taken by the government in combating climate change with reference to SDG. The UN summit for the adoption of post- 2015 development agenda took place from 25- 27 September 2015 in New York and it turned out to be a high- level absolute convention of the General Assembly. The Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs which is also known as Global Goals refers to the collective action for putting restriction to poverty and save the planet to make sure that the whole population can lead a peaceful and prosperous life (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). The government has planned to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals in which the primary aim is to promote sustainability on a long term basis. The objective is to accounting the world carbon- neutral and competent as per resource thus securing non- discrimination and equality. This global development will be beneficial for human welfare and human rights thus leading to economic prosperity and a stable society for a secured and sustainable environment (Water et al., 2015). In 2015, 193 world leaders came to a single decision of 17 Global Goals for Sustainable Development. There are 17 sustainable development goals which are- no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well being, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace, justice and strong institutions and partnerships for the goals (Tangcharoensathien, Mills Palu, 2015). The 13th goal This essay will centre on the 13th sustainable development goal which is to take immediate action for fighting climate change and its impacts. Climate change is already a burning topic in the whole world. With the increase of global temperature since 2016 the atmospheric CO2 levels reached to a great extent. This has resulted in the predominating drought conditions and rise in sea level along with global temperature. The severe outcome came in the form of declining natural flora and fauna from the planet earth (Lu et al., 2015). As the name of the 13th goal suggests, the immediate steps required to fight the change in climate and its impact. But the question that arises here is that what are the previous steps taken in this matter by the government? In order to review this question the necessary researches have been carried out and the analysis has focused on the six specific actions that have been taken previously- reduction in emission; saving electrical energy; implementing the 3 Rs of sustainability- reduce, reuse and recycle; a diet which will be low in carbon; saving the planet from deforestation; ask for sustainable management(Abajobir et al., 2015). From the above part it is clear that the necessary steps have been implemented in combating the change in climate. But what is the effectiveness of those measures? Are the steps been beneficial in fighting climate change? For answering this question the proven fact of climate change is considered here. Due to global warming, the planet has come across several serious issues such as increase in the sea level, extreme weather conditions; deforestation, extinction of species and many more. It is the responsibility of the individuals to reduce global warming by taking help of the sustainable actions within the community itself (Keesstra et al., 2016). Objective of the 13th goal The 13th goal of sustainable development encourages reduction in poverty as well as leading the world towards sustainable development. It helps in providing positive harmony and certain conditions to meet most of the challenges faced by the word in the present. The instances include sustainable use of natural resources and ecosystems, food security, human safety, clean water, growth in health and economy and equality in gender (Le Blanc, 2015). The targets that the government wants to achieve through the 13th sustainable development goal is given below- Make the adaptive capacity and the climate flexibility stronger against climate risks and natural disasters. Combine the measures of climate change with national planning, policies and strategies. Improve the education system and raise awareness about climate mitigation and the reduction of its negative effects (Schmidt, Gostin Emanuel, 2015). By implementing the commitment developed by country parties to mobilize in the context of Green Climate Fund. Make the elasticity stronger along with the adaptive capacity to the climate related issues and the natural calamities of the world Combine the measures of climate change with the national planning, policies and strategies (Reid et al, 2015) Make use of the commitment that was undertaken by the parties of the developed countries to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to an aim of assembling $100 billion per year by 2020. The collection will be done from a number of sources to meet the requirements of the developing countries with respect to the relevant reduction actions and lucidity on the implementation. This will lead to an overall operation of the Green Climate Fund through capitalization as quickly as feasible (Hk, Janoukov Moldan, 2016). Support the method for increasing capacity for an efficient planning and management pertaining to climate change in the slightly developed countries and the tiny island developing states that focuses mainly on women, young population and the local and deprived communities. Promote and propagate the mechanisms for increasing the capabilities to effective climate change planning (Madeley, 2015). Impacts of climate change In the present days, climate change is one of the major issues. A large proportion of the increase in greenhouse gases in the surrounding environment is emitted from the way the individuals remove, renovate and exploit fossil energy. Due to the increase in harmful emissions there is a high risk of moving towards the average amount of global warming that goes more than 2 degree Celsius and that seriously affects the ecosystem, food production, access to water, ocean acidification, health hazards, human safety and an increase in the risk of weather- related issues. That is the reason why the discussion on the impact on climate must be related to the limitation in creating appropriate condition for reducing and mitigating poverty for a long term sustainable development (Bouma, 2014). One of the biggest threats faced in the 21st century is that of climate change which takes a major toll on the availability of clean water and sanitation services. The concern have been raised in the supply of water because of the damage in the infrastructure from flooding, increase in demand decrease in rainfall leading to loss of water sources and degradation of the quality of water within the distribution area. On the other hand the concern related to sanitation includes the harm and failure of services from irregular floods and the decline in the carrying capacity of waters to receive wastewater (Allen, Metternicht Wiedmann, 2016). In the course if this essay based on the sustainable development goals the 14 no. cannot be missed based on life below water. The ocean world along with its temperature, chemistry, life and currents boosts up the global systems that have made the planet suitable for the survival of human race. Therefore the question that arises at this particular point is it possible to manage the importance of the vital resources and counter the effects of the change in climate. More than 3 billion people are surviving by depending on the underwater biodiversity. But it has been putting negative impact on the life existing under the water, it can be seen that 30% of the total population of fish are getting overexploited below at such a level where they have the capacity to make sustainable yields (Morton, Pencheon Squires, 2017). The oceans also help the humankind by inhaling 30% of the carbon dioxide that is exhaled by them but in return there is 26% increase in the ocean acidification as a result of human activities such as industrial revolution. It is a matter of concern for planet earth that marine pollution which is caused due to land- based sources has reached a striking rate with an average of 13000 piece of plastic garbage being found on one kilometer square of ocean (Ford, 2015). This part of the essay will discuss about the land use changes in the department of agriculture, forest, recreational activities and animal husbandry. Even though the estimated strength of the climate change is not known but still the range of world temperature increase will be within 2- 6 degree centigrade by 2100. It is a proven fact that the change in climate is different all around the planet. In specific, agriculture is a susceptible part of climate change. Since the comparative outputs of agriculture and forestry are changed with the rise in temperature, there will be changes in the land productivity too (Holden, Linnerud Banister, 2017). In few more years a comparatively hotter weather in the in the low latitudinal area will increase the possibility of drought. Whereas the mid- latitudinal areas which generally have cool weather will be benefitted from the warmth. Again the high latitudinal areas will be capable of increasing their agricultural outputs due to the increase in temperature. The forest areas will be affected by the potential changes in the highly elevated areas thus leading to the extinction of the flora and fauna of the ecosystem. It can be predicted that supply of water in the low latitudinal areas will decline. Combating climate change The proposed sustainable development goal no. 14 on the preservation and sustainable management of the marine area specially asks for the sustainability management and securing the marine coastal ecosystems by the year 2020 (Wood DeClerck, 2015). It is estimated that the salt marshes, sea grasses and mangroves are consuming almost half of the present global transport emissions. To address the climate change many countries adopted the Paris Agreement on December 2015 where all the members took a pledge to work together for limiting the increase in global temperature. It can be said that the implementation of Paris agreement will help in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals which will work as a guide to decrease harmful emissions and establish climate flexibility (Water et al., 2015). Both the UN climate convention and the Paris agreement reflect an outstanding combination of understanding that the way in which mankind is taking care of the world needs a fundamental rearrangement if the future becomes a promising opportunity for one or all. Both these agreements spread an understanding that there are no immediate solutions and the whole population needs to come together in the journey of sustainable development. The primary steps taken to combat the climate change consist of the combined measures of climate flexibility into the specific plans related to water safety and security. In addition to that there has been improvement and development accounting and maintenance of water resources. The policy and regulations which are used as technologies for delivery and change in services as per the management models provide the strength to mitigate the risk factor especially in the low- income areas (Gupta Vegelin, 2016). There is a remarkable contribution of water and sanitation services in the greenhouse gas emission as per goal no. 6. The selection of wastewater treatment technologies, use of renewable forms of energy, along with an improved and a better pumping efficiency and internal generation of energy make way for a probable reduction in emission. To sum up it can be explained that a better and bigger attention and study is needed for understanding, planning and getting used to the climate change in water and sanitation services. As similar to other traditions of climate change the most common benefits are always surpassing the worth of investment. Effectiveness of the 13th goal in 2017 The negative impact of global warming continued till 2016 and created a record of 1.1 degree Celsius as per the World Meteorological Organization Statement on the State of the Global Climate in the year 2016. There was predominant drought conditions across the world and the particular organization also observed that the limit of world sea ice fell below 4.14 million kilometer square in the year 2016 which had set a record of being the second lowest. The level of atmospheric carbon dioxide also increased and had set a record of 400 parts a million in the same year. Reducing climate change and its negative impacts will need the creation of the energy that was attained by the Paris Agreement on Climate Change which was effective from 4th November 2016. Much tougher efforts are required to make flexibility thus restricting the issues related to climate and natural calamities (Chin Jacobsson, 2016). It can be further discussed with reference to the effectiveness of the measures taken in combating climate change that the parties to the Paris Agreement are expected to create, interact and take care of the consecutive contributions recognized all over the nations. These specific contributions shed light on the official responses of the country against the climate change and their reaction to worldwide climate action. Till 20th April, 2017 the number of countries that has approved the Paris Agreement were 143 and out of those, 137 parties were among the first to recognize their national contributions to the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (Ford, 2015). In the same date as mentioned above, seven developing countries were successful in completing and submitting their 1st iteration of the nationally adopted plans with respect to climate change. Prior efforts taken for combining the human resources management for the Green Climate Fund provided $10.3 billion and gave rise to strongly urged country parties to increase their financial support. The proposed goals of sustainable development are intended at the success and total achievement by 2030. Till then the Paris climate agreement will have catalyzed the international action making way to the increase in global greenhouse gas emission through the future of climate neutralization (Waage et al., 2015). Conclusion The governments have a plan to save the climate and that is why it is the responsibility of each and every individual to ensure the safety. The Global Goals will be effective only if the whole population combats together. This is because when an individual fights for his rights he needs to make sure what the rights are. It can be concluded that the Goals will be effective only if those can be made famous. If the goals of the 2020 sustainable development are achieved then it will increase the energy security by reducing the dependence on imported energy and thus creating jobs by making advancement in green growth and making the world more competitive. Reference Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., ... Adedeji, I. A. (2017). Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.The Lancet,390(10100), 1423-1459. Allen, C., Metternicht, G., Wiedmann, T. (2016). National pathways to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): a comparative review of scenario modelling tools.Environmental Science Policy,66, 199-207. Bouma, J. (2014). Soil science contributions towards Sustainable Development Goals and their implementation: linking soil functions with ecosystem services.Journal of plant nutrition and soil science,177(2), 111-120. Chin, A., Jacobsson, T. (2016). TheGoals. org: mobile global education on the Sustainable Development Goals.Journal of Cleaner Production,123, 227-229. Ford, L. (2015). Sustainable development goals: all you need to know.The guardian,19. Gupta, J., Vegelin, C. (2016). Sustainable development goals and inclusive development.International environmental agreements: Politics, law and economics,16(3), 433-448. Hk, T., Janoukov, S., Moldan, B. (2016). Sustainable Development Goals: A need for relevant indicators. economics Indicators,60, 565-573. Holden, E., Linnerud, K., Banister, D. (2017). The imperatives of sustainable development.Sustainable Development,25(3), 213-226. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2015).Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Keesstra, S. D., Quinton, J. N., van der Putten, W. H., Bardgett, R. D., Fresco, L. O. (2016). The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.Soil,2(2), 111. Le Blanc, D. (2015). Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets.Sustainable Development,23(3), 176-187. Lu, Y., Nakicenovic, N., Visbeck, M., Stevance, A. S. (2015). Five priorities for the UN sustainable development goals.Nature,520(7548), 432-433. Madeley, J. (2015). Sustainable development goals.Appropriate Technology,42(4), 32. Morton, S., Pencheon, D., Squires, N. (2017). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and their implementationA national global framework for health, development and equity needs a systems approach at every level.British medical bulletin, 1-10. Reid, A. J., Brooks, J. L., Dolgova, L., Laurich, B., Sullivan, B. G., Szekeres, P., ... Cooke, S. J. (2017). Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals still neglecting their environmental roots in the Anthropocene.Environmental Science Policy,77, 179-184. Schmidt, H., Gostin, L. O., Emanuel, E. J. (2015). Public health, universal health coverage, and Sustainable Development Goals: can they coexist?. Tangcharoensathien, V., Mills, A., Palu, T. (2015). Accelerating healthcare equity: the key role of universal health coverage in the Sustainable Development Goals.BMC medicine,13(1), 101. Waage, J., Yap, C., Bel, S., Levy, C., Mace, G., Pegram, T., ... Mayhew, S. (2015). Governing Sustainable Development Goals: interactions, infrastuctures, and institutions. Water, C., Energy, C., Work, D., Cities, S., Land, O., Peace, J., Water, B. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. Wood, S. L., DeClerck, F. (2015). Ecosystems and human well?being in the Sustainable Development Goals.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,13(3), 123-123.

Expanded Comparison Matrix paper free essay sample

Transformational leadership’s influence on job performance, job satisfaction, employee attitudes, and employee engagement has been studied and compared to the influence of transactional leadership on the same. This paper compares three studies by three different researchers. Wright and Pandey (2010), Emery and Barker (2007), and Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) conducted empirical research to determine the degree of influence transformational leadership played in each of their sample populations. This comparison will examine the purpose of the study, the research questions, the literature review, the sample population, any limitations, and the findings. Purpose of the Study All three articles focus on transformational leadership and one article includes transactional leadership. Wright and Pandey (2010) focused on transformational leadership in the public sector. The authors suggest the organizational structure in the public sector is not as bureaucratic as expected and transformational leadership is as common and as effective as in private organizations. While previous research suggests human resource functions in the public sector are more bureaucratic, the authors propose this research is not definitive on whether this level of bureaucracy hinders the effectiveness of transformational leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Expanded Comparison Matrix paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Emery and Barker (2007) also studied the effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and employee engagement in customer contact positions. They suggested the factors of transformational leadership are linked more closely to higher organizational commitment than the factors of transactional leadership. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) compared transformational leadership and the commitment to change in academic and business organizations, noting that academic organizations expect more transformational leadership behaviors than business organizations. While the authors noted different factors influencing commitment to change, the academic organizations measured their leaders higher in behaviors associated with transformational leadership. A Comparison of the Research Questions Pandey and Wright (2010) proposed five hypotheses to test in their study. Four of the hypotheses dealt with transformational leadership behaviors being lower when the organization is more hierarchical and more formalized, communication is weaker, and the organization uses performance measures. One hypothesis dealt with higher transformational leadership behaviors where the public organization blocks extrinsic performance rewards. In contrast, Emery and Barker (2007) proposed two hypotheses for their study. Both dealt with the follower’s perception regarding how they were managed by transformational leadership. In these two hypotheses, transformational leadership led to a higher organizational commitment and higher job satisfaction. Finally, Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) proposed three hypotheses contrasting academic and business leaders. Academic settings expect transformational leadership behaviors to be displayed more and change management is handled differently in the two organizations. The relationship between change management and transformational leadership may differ in the two organizations. Literature Review All three articles focused on transformational leadership and all three referenced Burns (1978). Common themes throughout the three articles were transformational leadership’s impact on motivation, inspiration, credibility, engagement, commitment, empowerment, and innovation. Pandey and Wright (2010) organized their literature review by explaining transformational leadership, referencing Burns (1978), and noting the conditions necessary for transformational leadership to exist. The authors referenced Bass and Riggio (2006) noting successful leaders supplement transformational leadership behaviors for transactional ones, linking those behaviors with employee performance and satisfaction. They then moved to organizational structure and how that structure can support or obstruct transformational styles such as formalization of processes and procedures, inadequate performance measurement and rewards processes, and a hierarchical chain of command, referencing Bass and Riggio (2006); Howell (1997); Pawar and Eastman (1997); Rainey and Watson (1996); Shamir, House, and Arthur (1993); and Shamir and Howell (1999). Emery and Barker (2007) organized their literature review in subtopics within theoretical issues and hypotheses headings. They began by discussing employee attitude and customer satisfaction by linking organizational commitment and job satisfaction, referencing Porter, et al. (1974), and Kanungo (1982). They authors reviewed the relationship between organizational commitment and customer satisfaction as being well established citing Morrow (1993), Dornstein Matalon (1989), and Meyer Allen (1988). Morris (1995) and Brown Mitchell (1993) were referenced in providing the elements of employee job satisfaction. Emery and Barker (2007) compared and contrasted transformational and transactional leadership and linked them to organizational commitment and job satisfaction, citing Burns (1978), Keegan Hartog (2004), Bass Avolio (1987), and Conger Kanungo (1987). The authors suggested the themes of leadership style, employee perception, and customer satisfaction influenced company success, citing Heskett, Sasser, Hart (1990). Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2012) organized their literature review within the Introduction and in two separate headings following the Introduction and preceding the Methodology. They discussed the correlation of successful transformation efforts and the people implementing the change, citing Coch and French (1948), Herold et al. (2007), and Herscovitch and Meyer (2002). The authors noted different factors influence employees’ commitment to change, referencing Ghazali et al. (2008) and Devos et al. (2002). Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2012) referenced Kotter (1996), Kouzes Posner (1995), and Burns (1978) in positively linking transformational leadership with change. The authors discussed the differences between academic culture and business organizational culture as a reason transformational leadership behaviors differ between the two, citing Schein (2004), Schmuck Runkel (1985), Walton Galea (2005), Hellstrom (2004), Keung (2009), and Kouzes Posner (1995). While Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2012) are the only authors to cite Kouzes Posner’s (1995) transformational leadership behaviors, specifically challenging the process, modeling the way, and inspiring a shared vision, these behaviors are present in the other two studies. Wright and Pandey (2010) discuss transformational leaders as being inspirationally motivating, a role model of desired behaviors, and challenging old assumptions. Emery and Barker (2007) discuss transformational leaders as being visionaries, and questioning old ways. Sample Populations The sample populations of the three studies differ in size and composition. Pandey and Wright (2010) identified 3,316 individuals in their study sample of municipalities exceeding 50,000 residents. An initial response of 1,538 was reduced to 1,322 after excluding city managers who responded. Emery and Barker (2007) identified three regional banking organizations and one national food chain. Of the 496 surveys sent, 308 were to bank tellers and 188 were to food chain checkers. Of the 389 responses received, 292 tellers responded from the banking field and checkers responded from the food chain, along with 77 banking branch managers and 47 food chain store managers. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) surveyed 305 participants from eight academic organizations and 267 participants from eight business organizations with specific criteria regarding transformational change occurring within the last five years. Eighty-five organizations were invited to participate and 16 responded. The age of the academic organizations was 4 to 32 years, with an average age of 32; the business organizations’ age was 4 to 53 years with an average age of 27. Limitations of the Study All three studies had limitations in both the sample population and the study itself. For the sample population limitations, Pandey and Wright’s (2010) respondents were mostly Caucasian and had an average age of 50. Many of the public organizations polled had only three responses leading to the possibility that results may only be applicable to those in the study. Emery and Barker’s (2007) sample population suggests gender bias as 43% of the branch managers and 85% of the store managers were male while the respondents were 100% female. The two populations also had different response rates. Ninety-five percent of the tellers responded compared to 50% of the checkers, weighting the outcome toward the banking industry. Finally, the female respondents all reported to the responding managers which may not take into account differences the relationship between female respondents and female managers when compared to female respondents and male managers. All of these limitations are worth noting especially considering the sample selection was not random. The sample population limitations in Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc’s (2013) study involve gender bias, employment tenure, and position. Seventy-five percent of the academic respondents were female while the business respondents were more evenly distributed and the average academic tenure was twice the average business tenure. The academic organizations sample population consisted of 57% faculty, 33% staff, and 10% leaders whereas the business organizations sample population consisted of 67% rank and file, 15% professionals, and 21% leaders The studies themselves have limitations. In Pandey and Wright’s (2010) study, the authors chose to keep the survey short by reducing the number of questions, potentially creating the false identification of transformational leaders. Definitive proof cannot be made on whether transformational leadership causes less hierarchical organizations or results from them. Emery and Barker’s study (2007) has limitations in that it positioned transformational leadership and transactional leadership against each other. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc’s (2013) study has limitations that may be cultural and societal. The study was conducted in the Philippines and may not be indicative of cultural and societal norms elsewhere. Finally, the nature of the change itself may be a limitation. The academic organizations faced more change in strategy and renovations while the business organizations faced change in process improvement, downsizing, culture building, and mergers. Results Of the five hypotheses in Pandey and Wright’s (2010) study, two were supported. Organizations with hierarchical and bureaucratic structures and the weaker communications had lower transformational leadership behaviors. Three hypotheses were not supported: (a) transformational leadership behaviors were not lower when formalized structures and procedures were present, (b) the lack of extrinsic performance rewards did not correlate to higher transformational leadership behaviors, and (c) transformational leadership behaviors did not decrease with the use of performance measures. Emery and Barker’s (2007) study supported their hypotheses. Transformational leadership does result in higher organizational commitment and job satisfaction in both sectors surveyed. Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc (2013) supported two hypotheses and partially supported the third hypothesis. Employees in academic organizations do expect more transformational leadership behaviors and the relationship between change management and transformational leadership does differ between academic and business organizations. The partially supported hypothesis noted the difference between academic and business change management practices due to the different nature of the change efforts in the respective organizations. Questions This author’s questions for the researchers follow. What led you to, or interested you in, these studies? Would you consider further studies to address the possible limitations in your studies? Do you see any gaps that need addressing in future research? How do you see your research benefitting your field? Based on your results, what are additional opportunities, or avenues, to study transformational leadership and its impact? Conclusions Transformational leadership behaviors do result in greater job satisfaction, employee engagement, and change commitment, and does exist in hierarchical organizations. Several discussion items were noted. â€Å"’Management matters’ and hierarchical constraints do not have to stand in the way of superior performance and leadership† (Wright Pandey, 2010, p. 86). Transformational leadership is the preferred leadership style to increase job satisfaction and employee engagement (Emery Barker, 2007). Business organizations are considered to be more progressive when compared to academic organizations, yet they can learn a few things from their academic counterparts in terms of inspiring shared visions, modeling the way, and encouraging others

PROMETHEUS BOUND essays

PROMETHEUS BOUND essays Peter Paul Rubens (1547 - 1640) When I walked into the Philadelphia Museum of Art for my first time I could not wait to start looking at the artworks of brilliant artist of the past and present. I took my time on my first visit looking at as much as I could. Prometheus Bound by Peter Paul Ruben and Frans Synders, is one of the painting that drew my attention immediately and beckoned me to examine its history. Located on the second floor in room 258, this oil on canvas painting, spanning 95 7/8 x 82 1/2 (7 117/8 x 6 101/2), was begun in 1611 and completed in 1618. Ruben completed the majority of the painting while Synders painted the giant Caucasian Eagle. I choose this painting because I am interested in myths and legends, and the story of Prometheus is of my favorites. I feel Ruben and Synders rendition is unique and mesmerizing due to the visual attributes. In both Greek and Roman mythologies Prometheus was a Titan whose name means "Forethought." Although there are several versions of the myths, the most famous are that Prometheus creates man and later steals fire from Mount Olympus to save mankind. In the Greek myth, Prometheus was the creator of mankind. The goddess Athena taught him architecture, astronomy, mathematics, navigation, medicine, and metallurgy, and he in turn taught them to humans. Zeus, the chief of the Greek gods, became angry with Prometheus for making people powerful by teaching them all these useful skills. Then when the gods chose Prometheus as mediator in a dispute, he fooled the gullible Zeus into picking the worst parts of the sacrificial bull by hiding them under a rich layer of fat. To punish Prometheus, Zeus withheld fire from men. "Let them eat their flesh raw," he declared. Nevertheless, Prometheus disobeyed Zeus and stole fire from one of the other gods, returning to earth to delivered fire to mankind. Z eus trie...

Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories - Essay Example Secondly, there is an individual deterrence in which courts and other law practitioners get certain guidance as to how to deal with the first-time criminals or may be how to carry about sanctions on individual cases so that they deter from the act. Another form of deterrence is absolute deterrence when the threat and the punishment happen to a person who is close to the offender, and thus, he realizes that the same could also happen to him and his family and finally deters. The final form is of restrictive deterrence, when the offender commits one type of sin and refrains from it the next time while, experimenting other misdeeds in subsequent happenings. Deterrence theories offer certain assumptions regarding the implications that the legal/formal and informal controls might have their impacts on further involvement of the convicted persons in other criminal activities (Lebow & Stein, 1989). They say that if control of either type is exercised, it would reduce the number of criminal activities by the person in future. However, studies conducted at different places reflected quite a contradictory picture revealing that control, in the form of arrest, has no effect in the rate of crime pertained to domestic violence (Sherman, Smith, Schmidt & Rogan, 1992). Such a collective impact of the two controls are marked under the category of general deterrence, however, the function of informal control would be discussed under the category of specific deterrence and their hypotheses are discussed respectively. As discussed above, the general deterrence model incorporates the interface of both types of threats and the nature and extent of punishment that they include. There are mainly three hypotheses that come under this category, as elaborated below: This particular hypothesis advocates that when the offender is more concerned and tied to the societal norms and values, only then, the legal threats in the

Character analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Character analysis - Essay Example â€Å"Never forget what you are. The rest of the world will not. Wear it like armor and it can never be used to hurt you† (Martin, 56). The dialogue is from George R.R Martin’s series, A ‘Song of Ice and Fire’, spoken by Tyrion Lannister, one of the most fascinating characters who carry a remarkable astuteness and intricate personality in the book. Apparently, his words indicate the great hopes and strong self-esteem that he possessed despite being a dwarf and believed that his physical disability does not imply his inability to deliver in life. Through his moving and treasured way of speaking, Tyrion shows outstanding ability of prudence and intuition. â€Å"As the most grandest creation† of the author Tyrion’s ambitions vitalizes on his unique perspective and open the new page of history on the great performance of a dwarf in media. Commendably, Tyrion sojourns on to attest that indeed the adversaries linked to his dwarfism can be overcome ( Ben, 01). Moreover, to fully comprehend the complexity and uniqueness of the characteristics of Tyrion, one must discern his childhood background. As a â€Å"high born dwarf† in an extremely dignified and arrogant family who had controlled their governance over seven kingdoms, Tyrion was not a son with interminable elegance and fondness. On the contrary, he has been depicted as a â€Å"midget† or â€Å"imp† who has been made an outcast by other characters in his family (Abraham et al., 116). Among different reasons behind people’s hatred towards Tyrion includes the death of his mother while she was giving birth to him. Tyrion Lannister does not share a strong bond with his only sister named Cersei Lannister. Nevertheless, his brother Jamie Lannister has a lot of compassion for Tyrion for which he has helped him throughout the novel. Additionally, the community of the Lannisters immensely ostracized Tyrion because he was expected to be

Case Study on Early Childhood Essay Example for Free

Case Study on Early Childhood Essay This study will provide an understanding of a child’s physical, cognitive, and social development. Early childhood is a time of remarkable physical, cognitive, social, as well as emotional development. Infants enter the world with a limited range of skills and abilities. Watching a child develop new motor, cognitive, language and social skills is a source of wonders for parents and caregivers. The study of human development is a rich and varied subject. We all have personal experience with development, but it is sometimes difficult to understand exactly how and why people grow, learn, and change. What happens or doesn’t happen to children in the earliest years of their lives is of critical importance, both to their immediate well-being and to their future. If you received the best start in your earliest years of life, you are more likely to have grown healthy, developed language and learning capacities, or gone to school and led a productive, rewarding life. Let’s take a closer look at early childhood development including the well-being of potential influences around the child. Five year old Madison, a cheerful and clever girl, is one of the most active children I have ever met. She is a member of gymnastics, dancing, and little league softball team. Weighing about thirty five pounds and very lean, she has the energy times three of one child. To determine Madison’s maturity of her motor skill development, I created a test for both her gross motor skills and fine motor skills. To test her development of her gross motor skills, I told her to run up and down the driveway of her yard, which was about 9 feet in length, until she was tired. Madison only ran this length four times before giving up. I determined that her gross motor skills were above average because of her speed, pace, and length of running. To test her fine motor skills, I gave her one sheet of wide ruled paper and told her to copy each sentence: â€Å"My name is Madison. I am five years old. I like to play ball. † Madison showed that she could write these sentences neatly and accurately. I tested her again on her fine motor skills by testing her strength. I rolled a soccer ball to her five times and she kicked it back to me three of those five times. She showed that her strength was average as well. I also asked her parent a series of questions about her physical development: What was Madison’s appetite on a daily basis? What is her energy level before and after school? What is the pattern of her physical growth? Her parent stated that her appetite was normal and that she ate three full meals a day including snacks in between these meals. She then stated that before school her energy level is low being that most children do not like to be woken early in the morning. After school her energy level is fair because she has been active for more than seven hours and attends practice after school. Her parent also explained that Madison’s weight gain is steady but she has gotten taller by two inches. I determined that Madison’s physical development is excellent and well above average of children her age. Not only a period of amazing physical development, early childhood is also a time of extraordinary mental development. Cognitive development combined with memory and thinking continues to emerge throughout childhood. It would be impossible to avoid mentioning the work of Piaget when it comes to childhood cognitive development. According to Piaget’s theory, Madison is automatically in the preoperational stage. During this stage, children do not yet understand concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate information, and are unable to take the point of view of other people. I asked Madison does she like to read and she answered â€Å"yes. † I also asked her does she like to learn and she said â€Å"yes. † To test her cognitive skills, I tested her by giving her a paper with a picture of three balls on it. I told her to circle the biggest one, put a square around the smallest one, and underline the medium size one. She correctly circled the biggest one which was in the middle, followed by the smallest one on the right and the medium one on the left. I gave the same test but with different pictures and in a different order. She missed this question because she assumed that the biggest bear was in the middle because of the first test she took. She failed to understand the perception of size because she focused on what she saw before not noticing the change of appearance. This showed that she used static reasoning believing that the world is unchanging. I asked Madison how many fingers she had and she counted ten. I then raised only four of my fingers on one hand and three on the other. I asked her how many did I have on my and and she stated seven but then told me I was hiding more. As you can see I could not pull a trick on Madison with this test. In children, there is perhaps nothing more amazing than the emergence of language. Early childhood is a sensitive period for language learning. I asked her parent does Madison easily learn words. She stated that Madison learns words everyday and often repeat words that she might have said to other people and to her as well. To test Madison on her social development, I sat a phone, a bottle of water, and a book on a table. I asked her what was the first object and why do we use it. She correctly answered the question saying that the phone was used to call people. Second, she could not tell me what the container was (bottle) but she did say it was water. Last, she correctly stated that the book was used to read about things. I asked her does she play with other kids and she said yes. I then asked her did she have friends and she named two friends. Her parent also stated that Madison talks about her friend all the time and has gotten into trouble for talking too much at school. It shows that Madison is a very sociable child and she will more than likely be successful in anything that she does.

Essay --

Trends The Trend of the population growth of Nigeria is and will be influenced by the Fertility and Birth rates, Mortality or Death rates, and the Demographic Features. The main key to decelerating the rate of population growth would be a sharp decline in the fertility rate, which is defined as the average number of children a woman will bear in her life time. The National Population Commission stated that, â€Å"the total fertility rate(TFR) in Nigeria is 5.7, this means that at current fertility levels, the average Nigerian woman who is at the beginning of her childbearing years will give birth to 5.7 children by the end of her lifetime† (2002). Figure 2/Nigeria's growing Crude Birth Rate. Source: World Development Indicators (WDI), October 2013. Figure 2 is displaying the growing birth rate of Nigeria and its percentage changes from the year 2001 to the year 2011. The natality rate in population ecology is the scientific term for birth rate. The birth rate; crude (per 1000 people) in Nigeria was last measured in 2011 at 41.8. Fertility has been relatively high in Nigeria for several years. Feyisetan & Bankole (2007) enlightened that, â€Å"the fertility hindering effect of contraception can be expected to increase as the levels of contraception use increases. Also the modern methods has increased since the early eighties. The impact of abortion on fertility has been documented†. However, data on abortion are very scanty in Nigeria because the procedure is illegal. The other factors that affect the fertility course in Nigeria is education of women and female employment. The total fertility rate in Nigeria was 5.5 as of 2008 to a 5.5 in 2013. Nigeria population is increasing mostly due to the result of the first factor... ...efs and practices in Nigeria’s culture- such as early marriages, male children an polygamy- were the main reason for Nigeria’s rapid population growth. Nigeria is free from natural disasters like typhoons and is also oil-rich, meaning that there has been a lot of migration from people of other countries; overpopulating Nigeria in the process. A trend in the population growth in Nigeria is the fertility rate of the average woman. The average woman gives birth to 5.7 children on average. The fertility rate plays a key role in population growth. The future of population growth could lead to more consumers than producers in the country, making it difficult more the economy to progress with so many mouths to feed. All in all, Nigeria has the potential to be a powerful economy, whether it can achieve that will depend on the maintenance of the population in the future. â€Æ'

War on Drugs Solution: Legalization?

Proposal Much like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure; the war on drugs has fallen short.There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, however the â€Å"War on Drugs†, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation ra ther than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement: There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war. A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalization.A. Marijuana’s historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system. Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea.Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Paul’s farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks , â€Å"Why haven’t we given up on the drug war since it’s an obvious failure and violates the people’s rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities can’t even keep drugs out of the prisons?†The failure of the war appears in three aspects; financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war; the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U. S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009. As a response to that drug production; trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the society’s sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war.The article â€Å"The Drug War’s Hidden Economic Agenda†, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrong ly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence; his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriff’s department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs. In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife.Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para. 17). Let’s suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldn’t be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions â€Å" How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem? † where â€Å"Drug arrests have more than triple d in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1. 63 million arrests in 2010.More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone† (para. 7). One should think about it, it’s totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members.Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years; whereas the false image and misconceptions built by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy. The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy.The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D. , while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant â€Å"Indian hemp seed†. But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage of the Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana.Then after the Second World War joins president N ixon who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens. Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that: â€Å"Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it â€Å"is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance†(Johnston, 2011, para 3).Changing the public’s thought towards â€Å"addictive, lethal weed† prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself. Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplis hment and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war.One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption. According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them.After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards the exploitati on and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4). As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporation’s Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1. 5 billion depending on the market’s request (Abramsky 2012, p. 18). As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most importantly medicine.Aft er several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently â€Å"a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever†(para. 1). Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep.It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis becoming legal, users would be protected from the black market’s dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortun ate cases like Donald Scott’s would be eliminated.Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets. One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war it’s not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, â€Å"Cannabis for Migraine Treatment†, said it best: â€Å"There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemical study, has yie lded many new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of man’s economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant† (para. 4). War on Drugs Solution: Legalization? ProposalMuch like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure; the war on drugs has fallen short. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, however the â€Å"War on Drugs†, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation rat her than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement:There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war.A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalization. A. Marijuana’s historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system.Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. Th e legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea. Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Paul’s farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks, â€Å"Why haven’t we given up on the drug war since it’s an obvious failure and violates the people’s rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities can’t even keep drugs out of the prisons?† The failure of the war appears in three aspects; financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war; the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U.S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009.As a response to that drug production; trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the society’s sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war. The article â€Å"The Drug War’s Hidden Economic Agenda†, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrongly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence; his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriff’s department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs.In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife. Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para.17). Let’s suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldn’t be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions â€Å" How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem?† where â€Å"Drug arrests have more than tripled in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1.63 million arrests in 2010. More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone† (para. 7).One should think about it, it’s totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members. Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years; whereas the false image and misconceptions bui lt by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy.The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy. The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D., while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant â€Å"Indian hemp seed†.But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage of  the Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana. Then after the Second World War joins president Nix on who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens.Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that: â€Å"Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it â€Å"is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance†(Johnston, 2011, para 3). Changing the public’s thought towards â€Å"addictive, lethal weed† prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself.Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplishme nt and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war. One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption.According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them. After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards th e exploitation and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4).As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.  Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the  criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporation’s Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1.5 billion depending on the market’s request (Abramsky 2012, p.18).As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most important ly medicine. After several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently â€Å"a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever†(para. 1).Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep. It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis becoming legal, users would be protected from the black market’s dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortunate cases like Donald Scott’s would be eliminated. Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets.One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war it’s not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, â€Å"Cannabis for Migraine Treatment†, said it best: â€Å"There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemica l study, has yielded  many new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of man’s economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant† (para. 4).